Condonation of Delay: Supreme Court condoned the delay and declined to disturb the tribunal's classification decision.

Revival of statutory appeals permitted with restraint on raising limitation or pre-deposit; refunds and interpretation affidavit allowed.

Show Cause Notice Prima Facie Validity: notice sustainable on reasons to believe, but adjudication quashed for denial of hearing.

Provisional Attachment: absence of a reasoned order invalidates attachment; hearing and reasoned decision required to protect revenue.

Non-retrospective application of administrative circulars: clarificatory circulars cannot defeat accrued refund rights; claim maintainable if filed within limitation.

Writ jurisdiction to challenge show cause notices is generally unavailable; petitioner limited to filing reply for consideration.

TCS under Section 206C(1C) on compounding fees from illegal mining held unsustainable; ITAT demands and penalties reversed.

Withholding tax certificate under Section 197 reduced to 2% as interim relief due to lack of recorded reasons and prima facie non-taxability.

Adjournment Sine Die cannot substitute for a decision; reserved appeals must be decided or protective steps taken without indefinite delay.

Interest Recalculation on Tax Refunds: remand for fresh adjudication, recalculation using extant law and specified timelines.

Mandatory inquiry into genuineness and legal compliance required before granting tax-exempt registration; summary grant set aside and remitted.

Jurisdictional satisfaction under 153C requires year-wise linkage of seized material; aggregated notes invalidate reopening and assessments.

Benami Transaction Definition expanded to include continued holding post amendment, capturing pre amendment transfers where consideration paid by another.

Benami Transactions confirmed; provisional attachment upheld while beneficial owner identity is referred for limited reinvestigation.

Benami transaction: proof of consideration and control by beneficial owner upholds provisional attachment and dismisses appeals.

Fiduciary exception rejected; provisional attachment under benami law affirmed where transfers were one way unaccounted accommodation entries.

Benami property jurisdiction: IBC tribunals lack power to challenge Benami Act attachment; such assets fall outside the liquidation estate.

Benami property verification: insufficient hallmark and invoice evidence defeated provisional attachment, leading to relief for the proprietor.

Inordinate delay in filing bars appellate relief where explanation is insufficient, and identical adverse precedent controls product classification outcome.

Satisfactory explanation for delay is essential to admit a delayed appeal; without it, dismissal follows and merits must independently justify interference.

Regulatory misapplication and procedural unfairness invalidated penalty proceedings, resulting in quashing of the penalty order.

Extended limitation under Section 28(4) requires wilful suppression; mere misclassification without intent precludes extended liability.

Classification of polyurethane fabrics as laminated places them under polyurethane textile heading, barring anti-dumping, valuation rejection and penalty.

Export benefit entitlement: Customs cannot cancel Let Export Orders or deny DEPB while licensing authority scrips remain valid.

Fraudulent Transfer: pre-petition lease lacking consideration held void ab initio, set aside to realise assets for creditors.

Issue Estoppel bars a subsequent complaint where identical issues were earlier finally decided on merits, resulting in quashing.

Committee of Creditors' limited litigation capacity affirmed, with RP not invariably sole representative and impleadment not mandatory.

Amendment of parties to implead a necessary party permitted to secure adjudication on merits, with dismissal modified accordingly.

Interlocutory Order Merger: appeal rendered infructuous after a comprehensive final order incorporated and superseded the interim relief.

Stamp duty on sanctioning orders must be levied on the sanctioning instrument, not by dissecting underlying transactions.

Stock exchange disciplinary action and withheld security: writ maintainable; investigation valid but final board decision set aside as unlawfully constituted

AIF trustee debarment for SEBI rule breaches-no investor loss and fund winding-up led to bar treated as expired.

Clients authorising third-party F&O trades despite missing pre/post confirmations; broker not liable for losses, award set aside.

Doctrine of merger and trustee-like powers in SEBI-appointed Special Committee; order treated as open-ended, appeals dismissed

Personal liability of directors in regulatory proceedings: attachment challenge refused; pursue statutory appeal under SEBI Act

Market regulator prosecution over access to investigation report and inquiry materials; petition allowed, disclosure ordered with limited redactions

Simultaneous CIRP proceedings against debtor and guarantor permissible; regulatory safeguards and claim revision prevent double recovery.

Limitation commencement from court pronouncement: appeal time runs from pronouncement, so delay beyond condonable period barred.

Reconstitution of committee supersedes earlier interlocutory records, requiring claim disputes and challenges to be pursued in fresh reconstitution proceedings.

Financial debt classification: indirect disbursement can suffice and a mortgage covenant with deficiency liability can operate as guarantee.

Contract of guarantee arising from a covenant to pay converts a security into secured financial debt and creates personal liability.

Exclusion of CIRP timelines where project segregation and negotiations prevented issuing Form G, permitting period to be excluded.

Section 6(4) FEMA protects only legitimately substantiated foreign funds; breach of foreign exchange rules found, penalty reduced.

Contravention under FEMA sustained on documentary nexus, penalties reduced and confiscation of un-surrendered foreign currency upheld.

Abetment liability: corroborated retracted statements and statutory presumption can shift burden, leading to conviction and reduced penalty.

Continuing corporate liability remains enforceable after striking off; directors remain liable but penalties may be mitigated.

Retracted statement admissibility upheld when voluntary and corroborated; confiscation under foreign exchange contravention affirmed, penalty moderated.

Understated FOB valuation: exporter and officers liable; penalties payable but reduced due to mitigation and prior deposits.

Prima Facie Assessment: Regulatory and expert reports can inform but absence of AAEC bars a DG inquiry.

Bid rigging in public tender bids-common IPs, call records and shared EMD led to s.3(3) breach upheld.

Coal handling charges at port found imposed through mandatory coordination fees; impugned order set aside and remitted.

Use of Crystalline Durability Admixture in heavy infrastructure projects: nationwide market accepted, no dominance or anti-competitive conduct found, appeal dismissed

Abuse of dominance investigation notice requirement clarified: no initial notice if no prima facie case; informant need not be heard.

WhatsApp user data sharing for advertising and other non-essential purposes-clarification allowed requiring express, revocable opt-in/opt-out consent

Attachment of equivalent property allowed when proceeds are untraceable; Covid exclusion extends the statutory time limit for confirmation.

Proceeds of crime definition permits attachment of equivalent-value property where tainted assets are dissipated, subject to bona fide secured claims.

Provisional attachment under PMLA upheld where prima facie material shows proceeds of crime; fiscal payment does not confer immunity.

Provisional Attachment under PMLA upheld as appellants failed to prove lawful source or repayment, additional evidence refused.

Lawful source burden: failure to produce contemporaneous evidence or reliable corroboration supports confirmation of provisional attachment.

Provisional Attachment under PMLA upheld where admissions, witness statements and banking records establish proceeds and beneficial ownership.

Exemption compliance verification upheld; remand for documentary proof sustained and not a substantial question of law.

Exclusive appellate remedy to the Supreme Court bars High Court appeals against CESTAT taxability orders; remedy lies to apex court.

Taxability of pre-effective-date receipts: only receipts actually received after the effective date form taxable value; penalties require evidence.

Tour Operator Service requires active tour planning; Airport Service requires airport authorization, so both contested service tax demands denied.

Trade discounts versus taxable service: scheme-based dealer incentives lack a transaction-specific nexus and are not taxable consideration.

Unjust enrichment: refund entitlement requires re computation and proof that tax incidence was not passed on, with corroborative documents.

Rebate claim procedure: missing ARE-1 forms are procedural, not fatal; re-filed claims relate back to original filing date.

SEZ Act exemption prevails over external notification formalities, so substantive entitlement cannot be defeated by procedural non compliance.

Indigenous Raw Material status can secure exemption; extended limitation needs proof of deliberate suppression, not mere audit differences.

Classification as Ayurvedic Medicine upheld; central excise duty, interest, penalties and confiscation quashed on appeal.

Penalty conditioned on confiscation: absent a confiscation proposal, personal penalties cannot be imposed on officers in tax proceedings.

Procedural non compliance in intimation timing: a short delay does not forfeit exemption benefit where substantive eligibility is established.

Transfer of Property in Goods: fabricated components that become a distinct commodity are taxable as unspecified goods; embedded costs included.

Limitation in Reassessment: reassessment after five years is barred and audit-only objections cannot sustain reassessment.

Common Parlance Test and Essential Character Test govern beverage classification; product held a fruit drink attracting concessional VAT.

Settlement under Maharashtra Settlement Act prevents adjustment of earlier refunds; refund must be released with interest.

Attachment of third-party property invalid where transfer preceded attachment; sale may be registered without a tax NOC.

Dominant Character Test finds SIM issuance and activation charges constitute service consideration and are not VAT-liable.

Scheme of demerger asset vesting prevents attachment for demerged company's tax; attachment allowed only for resulting company's own liability

Appeals dismissed as not pressed; properties treated as commercial establishments excluded from "assets" under Section 2(ea) Wealth Tax Act

Land loses wealth tax exemption during construction period under Section 2(ea) - exemption only applies after completion

Rental income from land plots cannot be denied based on later verification findings from different assessment year

ITAT recalls ex parte wealth tax orders after representative's death created compelling circumstances under Rule 24

Section 16(1) intimations under Wealth Tax Act constitute orders subject to revision under Section 25

Mandatory auction payment rules void confirmations for non payment; sale set aside and fresh auction ordered with refund.

Substantive review powers cannot be created by executive direction; vesting orders remain final absent narrow statutory grounds for reopening.

Surety discharge where creditor permits unauthorized variation - liability limited to obligations before the variance, not subsequent overdrafts.

Contractual Prohibition on Interest prevents pre-award interest; post-award interest may be awarded but rate subject to judicial reduction.

Transferee pendente lite prevents a purchaser from resisting execution of property sold after proceedings when notice of liability exists.

Prima facie satisfaction and application of mind: summoning order under negotiable instruments law upheld; stay vacated.